Block diagram of computer & it's components.
Block diagram of digital computer & it's
components.A computer is a electronic device which process data under the control of set of instruction called program. It has the ability to accept data , execute the program , mathematical & logical operations on data & display the result on output device.
Functional components of computer system are ;
Block diagram of digital computer
Central processing unit (CPU) : The purpose of CPU is to execute the program stored in main memory by performing the following task -
- ➤ Fetch instructions from memory.
- ➤ Understand the fetched instructions to determine what is needed.
- ➤ Fetch data if required either from memory or from input device.
- ➤ Perform arithmetic & logical operations on data.
- ➤ Write data either to memory location or on output device.
The main components of CPU are :
➽ ALU (Arithmetic & logic unit ) : The function of ALU is to perform arithmetic operations such as addition , multiplication , subtraction & logical operations such as AND, OR, X-OR, & bit wise operations such as bit wise AND, OR , NOT & SHIFT.
➽ Timing & control unit : This unit controls the entire operation of a computer. It acts as a brain. It also connected to CPU. It generates timing signals that are necessary for input & output devices.
➽ General purpose register : General purpose register are used for temporary storage of data & intermediate results while computer is making execution of a program.
➽ Accumulator : Accumulator is a register which contains one of the operands & store results of most arithmetic & logical operations.
➽ Memory : Memory is the storage area of the computer where data & information stored , it can be categorised in two types :-
➱ Primary memory. :- The primary memory is also called as volatile memory because it can't store the data permanently.
Ex : RAM , etc.
➱ Secondary memory. Secondary memory is external & permanent memory that is useful to store data .
Ex : Floppy disk , CD , HDD, pen drive etc.
➽ Input device : Input device is a piece of computer hardware that is used to provide data & control signals to computer.
Ex : keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.
➽ Output device : Output device is a piece of computer hardware that is used to provide output.
Ex : monitor, printer, speakers, etc.
➽ Timing & control unit : This unit controls the entire operation of a computer. It acts as a brain. It also connected to CPU. It generates timing signals that are necessary for input & output devices.
➽ General purpose register : General purpose register are used for temporary storage of data & intermediate results while computer is making execution of a program.
➽ Accumulator : Accumulator is a register which contains one of the operands & store results of most arithmetic & logical operations.
➽ Memory : Memory is the storage area of the computer where data & information stored , it can be categorised in two types :-
➱ Primary memory. :- The primary memory is also called as volatile memory because it can't store the data permanently.
Ex : RAM , etc.
➱ Secondary memory. Secondary memory is external & permanent memory that is useful to store data .
Ex : Floppy disk , CD , HDD, pen drive etc.
➽ Input device : Input device is a piece of computer hardware that is used to provide data & control signals to computer.
Ex : keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.
➽ Output device : Output device is a piece of computer hardware that is used to provide output.
Ex : monitor, printer, speakers, etc.
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